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Isabella Valancy Crawford (25 December 1846 – 12 February 1887) was an Irish-born Canadian writer and poet. She was one of the first Canadians to make a living as a freelance writer. "Crawford is increasingly being viewed as Canada's first major poet." She is the author of "Malcolm's Katie," a poem that has achieved "a central place in the canon of nineteenth-century Canadian poetry." ==Life== Isabella Valancy Crawford was the last surviving daughter of Dr. Stephen Crawford. She was born in Dublin, Ireland on Christmas Day, 1846. The family emigrated to Canada when she was ten years of age.〔(【引用サイトリンク】date=2 January 1857 )〕 Much of Isabella Crawford's early life is unknown. By her own account she was born in Dublin, Ireland, the sixth daughter of Dr. Stephen Dennis Crawford and Sydney Scott; but "No record has been found of that marriage or of the birthdates and birthplaces of at least six children, of whom Isabella wrote that she was the sixth." The family was in Canada by 1857; in that year, Dr. Crawford applied for a license to practice medicine in Paisley, Canada West.〔 "In a few years, disease had taken nine of the twelve children, and a small medical practice had reduced the family to semi-poverty."〔 Dr. Crawford served as Treasurer of Paisley Township, but "a scandal of a missing $500 in misappropriated Township funds and the subsequent suicide of one of his bondsmen" caused the family to leave Paisley in 1861.〔 By chance Dr. Crawford met Richard Strickland of Lakefield. Strickland invited the Crawfords to live at his home, out of charity, and because Lakefield did not have a doctor. There the family became acquainted with Strickland's sisters, writers Susanna Moodie and Catherine Parr Traill.〔 Isabella Crawford reportedly began writing at that time.〔 She was also thought to be a close companion of Mrs. Traill's daughter, Katharine (Katie).〔 In 1869 the family moved to Peterborough, and Crawford began to write and publish poems and stories. Her first published poem, "A Vesper Star",〔 appeared in ''The Toronto Mail'' on Christmas Eve, 1873.〔 "When Dr. Crawford died, on 3 July 1875, the three women" – Isabella, her mother, and her sister Emma, all who were left in the household – "became dependent on Isabella's literary earnings."〔 After Emma died of tuberculosis, "Isabella and her mother moved in 1876 to Toronto, which was the centre of the publishing world in Canada."〔 "Although Isabella had been writing while still living in Lakefield ... and had published poems in Toronto newspapers and stories in American magazines while living in Peterborough, when she moved to Toronto she turned her attention in earnest to the business of writing."〔 "During this productive period she contributed numerous serialized novels and novellas to New York and Toronto publications,"〔 "including the ''Mail'', the ''Globe'', the ''National'', and the ''Evening Telegram''.〔 She also contributed "a quantity of 'occasional' verse to the Toronto papers ... and articles for the ''Fireside Monthly''. In 1886 she became the first local writer to have a novel, ''A little Bacchante'', serialized in the ''Evening Globe''.〔 In her lifetime Crawford published only one book, ''Old Spookses' Pass, Malcolm's Katie and Other Poems'' in 1884. It was privately printed and sold poorly.〔 Crawford paid for the printing of 1,000 copies, and presumably sent out many review copies; "there were notices in such London journals as the ''Spectator'', the ''Graphic'', the ''Leisure Hour'', and the ''Saturday Review''. These articles pointed to 'versatility of talent,' and to such qualities as 'humour, vivacity, and range of power,' which were impressive and promising despite her extravagance of incident and 'untrained magniloquence.'"〔 However, only 50 books sold. "Crawford was understandably disappointed and felt she had been neglected by 'the High Priests of Canadian Periodical Literature'" (Arcturus 84)."〔 Crawford died on 12 February 1887 in Toronto. She was buried in Peterborough's Little Lake Cemetery near the Otonabee River. She had died in poverty and for years her body lay in an unmarked grave. A fundraising campaign was begun in 1899, and on 2 November 1900, a six-foot Celtic Cross was raised above her grave, inscribed: "Isabella Valancy Crawford / Poet / By the Gift of God." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Isabella Valancy Crawford」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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